420 Stream

The preventive pre-treatment environmental actions are safer, faster, better and in all included less costly versus the "end-of-the-pipe" post treatment solutions.

The "3R" novel indirectly heated rotary kiln pyrolysis and torrefaction technology provides carbonization / pyrolysis added value of carboniferous materials.

The goal of the 3R technology is to provide cost efficient and for long term environmentally sustainable carbon refining solution for energetic, agricultural and environmental applications. The main component of the 3R is a specially designed, indirectly fired, patented rotary reactor in which organics in a reductive environment are carbonised. e.g. gas-out and decomposed, in low vacuum (0-50 Pascal) up to the material core temperature 850°C degrees Celsius (1,562°F, degrees Fahrenheit). The carbonization temperature selection is feed material specific and in most cases temperatures between 450°C to 550°C (842°F – 1022°F) is sufficient for high efficient thermal decomposition under vacuum. The flexible operation provides wide range of 25 % to 125 % of nominal capacities. The basic material with <15 w/w % moisture content is introduced directly into the 3R reactor, or optionally pre dried. By control of the carbonization process, different types of pre-defined carbon end products can be produced, as of commercial production demanded schedule. The volatile HAPs are safely removed in the reduced volume of gas-vapor stream and converted to syngas and turned into surplus electric power. The standard industrial scale is from 30,000 m3/year (4 m3/h) continuous throughput capacity and optional larger capacities are available up to 420,000 m3/year (56 m3/h). Both electric fired and gas fired versions are available in full scale industrial design.

3R PYROLYSIS APPLICATION AREAS:

1. AGROCARBON: plant and/or animal bone meal basic material biomass carbonization and integrated biotechnological processing for biochar soil applications,

2. ENERGY clean coal processing: organic Sulphur removal fro coal streams by pyrolysis pre treatment process; bio-oil refinery to transport fuel quality.

3. WASTE MANAGEMENT: treatment of solid hazardous and/or non hazardous waste streams for environmental purpose with energy recycling;

3R PYROLYSIS Advantages:

1. Feedstock Flexibility: application of pre-treated multi fuels from wider fuel selection and availability.

2. Technology Flexibility: The flexible operation provides wide range of 25 % to 125 % of nominal capacities.

3. Zero Emission: The 3R is closed system, all process streams are recycled and reused for economical production of added value products.

4. Cost Reduction: decrease of overall production costs when all true value costs are calculated, including the environmental costs as well.

5. Improved Safety: application of preventive measures and separated downsized treatment of HAPs.

Process limitation: at refined carbon production the high input moisture content of the raw feed material is limiting factor, for waste management there is no limiting factor.

The innovative 3R technology opens new technical, economical and environmental ways to economically convert and valorize organic and/or inorganic by-products and/or waste streams into added value usefully refined products, while zero emission performance achieved. . The 3R inventor is the Swedish environmental engineer Edward Someus. Although the advanced high tech performance of the 3R industrial scaled design, the comprehensive solution does not containing exotic technical solutions and/or construction materials. Available for licensing.

THE "3R" PYROLYSIS TECHNOLOGY: Economical carbon refining of organic byproducts by low temperature carbonization pre-treatment process

The 3R (Recycle–Reduce–Reuse) Low Temperature Carbonization Process technology represents the original solution advanced new generation of solid feedstock-based carbon refining production system. By pre-treatment it breaks down any carbon-based feedstock into its basic constituents and removes contamination by preventive measure. This enables the preventive separation of HAP's to produce refined carbon and clean syngas for efficient and improved electricity generation. The 3R technology may be applied as vital component for an integrated strategy towards near zero emission targets to combine technologies for environmentally sustainable and economical biochar processing and/or solid fuel power generation, including but not limited to the advantageous interlink to other cost efficient GHG management technologies to decrease or even removal of output green house gases, such as CO2.

The hearth of the 3R technology is the unique pyrolysis rotary kiln original and innovative solution design, which makes viable the reductive thermal decomposition – low temperature carbonization - of any organic feed material under stable conditions in reduced process streams.

The prime environmental aspects of the 3R technology are the safety, prevention and comprehensive treatment. The 3R technology meets the EU and the U.S. environmental norms and standards for long term, including the U.S. RCRA Miscellaneous Units 40 CFR 264 Subpart X with the following main characteristics for the 3R thermal treatment unit:

• Thermal Desorption Chamber: indirect-fired heat source used for primary desorption chamber, relatively low operating temperature.

• Air Pollution Control Devices "APCD": non-destructive APCD used.

• Waste Residual Management: treatment of residuals is separate from the desorber,

whereas the (1) primary desorption chamber, (2) condensation or burning of pyrolysis gas vapours and (3) non destructive APCD off gas scrubber are separate devices, whereas (a) treated solids, (b) condensate residuals, (c) APCD residuals, (d) organic air emission, (e) metal air emission, and the (f) acid gas emission treatment are according to all the relevant comprehensive U.S. regulatory requirements for Operational Control, Residuals and Air Emission Parameters. The environmental purpose of 3R thermal desorption is to volatilize contaminant streams in small process gas volumes and to remove them from the treatment chamber for subsequent treatment. From permit legislative point of view it should be noted that the treatment standards in the U.S. relevant legislation Sec. 268.45 for thermal destruction specifically exclude thermal desorbers.

3R pilot plant with industrial like performance has been built in Hungary under the EU FP5 NNNE5/363/2001 project (2001-2005). The pilot plant has a throughput capacity of up to 265 kg/h feed material and includes all vital components for the technology, such as indirectly heated rotary kiln, post burner, off gas scrubber, heat exchangers and process control electronics with software. Further agro industrial application has been developed under large scale European Union development programme EU FP6 514082 project (2005-2008), where comprehensive scientific and industrial scale up "biochar to soil" technology has been developed and tested in seven EU countries and Israel.

For pre-treatment a specific purpose designed, developed and patented pyrolysis technology used, "3R", consisting of a horizontally arranged externally heated rotary kiln, where the contaminated feed material is carbonized and decomposed in true reductive environment under less than 850°C material temperature and vacuum. Specific pyrolysis gas-vapor post burner, multi venturi off-gas treatment scrubber and carbon heat exchanger used, which makes the 3R technology comprehensive and complete solutions. The flexible operation provides wide range of 25 % to 125 % of nominal capacities. The volatile HAPs are safely removed in the reduced volume of gas-vapor stream and converted to syngas, while the refined Clean Coal solid end product is utilized. "Product like" pilot plant has been built and successfully tested under semi industrial conditions in Hungary since 2005. Nine different types of feed materials (three types of brown coals with different S and ash content, hard coal, four types of biomass – straw, grain, wood chip, sawdust, animal bone meal), totally 111 tons, have been tested with up to 265 kg/h throughput capacity under 1779 hrs, incl. 594 hrs continuous run. The technical viability of the comprehensive 3R technology is demonstrated, including EU compatible industrial permitting from ten different Authorities and certification of ISO 9001 and 14001. Full scale application is designed with modular installation up to 420,000 m3/year solid fuel throughput.

The strategic aspect of the overall 3R technology development scientific/technological objectives is to develop highly flexible solid fuel pretreatment option to be developed and applied to achieve comprehensive benefits as follows:

 Feedstock Flexibility: flexible choice by multi feed.

 Technology Flexibility: The flexible operation provides wide range of 25 % to 125 % of nominal capacities.

 Zero Pollutants: removed environmental impacts (HAP, GHG).The 3R is closed system, all process streams are recycled and reused for economical production of added value products.

 Total Cost Reduction: ecrease of overall production costs when all true value costs are calculated, including the environmental costs as well.

 Improved Safety: application of preventive measures and separated downsized treatment of HAPs.

 Comprehensive Residual Utilization: more use of renewables.

Conclusion: The 3R pyrolysis technology is a clear solution to a complex environmental, economical and energy efficiency challenge for the first three decades of the 21st century:

1. All energy use affects the environment.

2. For any given resource, technology choices and management practices alter environmental consequences.

3. Reductive thermal processing (pyrolysis) technologies for renewable and pretreatment purposes are, in the vast majority of cases, preferable to conventional technologies.

4. Most conventional energy technologies are ultimately unsustainable.

5. Furthermore, the costs of large-scale carboniferous byproduct processing and valorization by 3R pyrolysis means provides sustainable environmental and economical benefits.

The "3R" Recycle-Reduce-Reuse technology provides reductive thermal processing valorization of low grade solid carboniferous byproduct and waste streams of plant, animal and/or low grade coal origin. The 3R technology may be applied as vital component for an integrated strategy towards near zero emission targets to combine technologies for environmentally sustainable and economical solid material processing for agricultural soil biochar use, clean coal for clean energy and/or waste processing, including but not limited to the decrease or even removal of output green house gases, such as CO2.

For reductive thermal processing valorization a specific purpose designed, developed and patented pyrolysis technology used, "3R", consisting of a horizontally arranged externally heated rotary kiln with electric or gas fired options, where the diverse feed material is carbonized and decomposed in true reductive environment under less than 850°C material temperature and vacuum. Low process gas volume generated, which energy content is recycled by syngas processing or post burner options, and post treated by specific off-gas treatment scrubber. The flexible operation provides wide range of 25 % to 125 % of nominal capacities.

"Product like" pilot plant with <265 kg/h throughput capacity has been built and successfully tested and demonstrated in Hungary in 2005, thereafter in 2005-2008 industrial scale up with 4 m3/h throughput capacity is designed with up to 420,000 m3year throughput option. The 3R advantages are the feedstock and technology flexibility, zero emissions, cost reduction and cost decrease of overall production economy when all true costs are in-calculated and improved safety.

Acknowledgment: the past eight years scientific research works and construction of the 3R pilot plant has been co-financed by the European Commission DG Energy and Transport (EU FP5 contract no. NNE5/363/2001) and the European Commission DG Agriculture (EU FP6 514082) under European Science and Technology frame work cooperation programmes with scientific excellence center cooperations from eight countries. The 3R Environmental Technologies Ltd continuously developing its web sites http://www.3ragrocarbon.com and http://www.terrenum.net to provide information and consultation for public.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/agriculture-articles/zero-emission-carbon-refinery-organic-waste-added-value-processing-pyrolysis-biochar-bonecharcoal-biooil-soil-biotech-3019603.html

ZERO EMISSION CARBON REFINERY: organic waste added value processing (pyrolysis-biochar-bonecharcoal-biooil-soil biotech)

Edward Someus is a Swedish environmental engineer, specializing for added value recycling, reuse and carbon biorefinery of agricultural and food industrial by-products by integrated pyrolysis and biotech means. Inventor of the 3R zero emission technology original and patented solution, which is a high efficient carbonization process and solid state fermentation and formulation of carboniferous materials for soil application in the horticultural and forest nursery cultivations. Coordinator and key technology designer of EU scientific research and development programmes since 2001, covering academic and industrial cooperation in ten EU countries.

Drinking less water means that we are slowly poisoning ourselves. If you don't keep the proper water intake, normal bodily functions will not perform correctly. Your body will become ideal destination for germs and parasites.Water is vital for flushing out the harmful wastes and toxins. If you don't drink enough water you will make your life miserable. Your body will not work properly in dehydrated state. We need water to breathe; we lose approximately one pint of liquid every day just by exhaling.

Man's metabolism is a complicated bio-mechanical process in which food are broken down and turned into energy. Every person should know about it. You should know this bio- mechanical process consumes calories, and water in your body is the fuel of driving metabolism's chemical reactions. So the more you drink the more calories you burn. Drinking enough water can make your metabolism work at high speed. Have you understood now? your metabolism is your best way to control your weight.

Drinking water will stop your body stressing out and retaining water and fat. If you do not drink enough water your body thinks that it must retain more and you cannot lose weight. Obese people do retain a lot of water, which will add to your weight. You should drink at least 8 glasses of water a day, plus a little more if you are overweight. This will satiate your body and allow it to release water and fat cells.

Ok, so you want to talk about low calories, water has zero calories. It is the ultimate diet soft drink. Add a twist of lemon if you need variation. When you start to make water a part of your daily diet you will see and feel the difference.Water can do things other soft drinks can't. A glass of water can help curb your hunger till your next meal. It is good for your complexion. Of course, water is also needed to keep our bodies hydrated.

First its does this by making you craves less food. People add weight when they eat junks in between meals. This craving happens when your body lacks enough water and so it dehydrates. By drinking water instead of snacking on the next chocolate bar, you get filled and satisfied. Its advised to drink water reasonably and not abuse it.Cold water helps you burn more fat than warm water. Studies show that it takes up to 60 calories of your body to raise its temperature before its being used. That means by just drink cold water in one week, you've lost 420 calories.

The liver is vital in filtering the toxins in the blood stream, allowing for a smooth functioning of our body. It also converts fat in energy required for the body to function. The speed at which the liver can process the toxins is proportionate to the amount of water that it gets to do so.When we consume water we suppress our urges and we also force the body to burn more resources in order to process it.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/sexuality-articles/drinking-less-water-4387063.html

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camere supraveghere
1. What is CCTV

Most people think that CCTV is a relatively new invention, but then again, many don"t even know what it is ... so first things first, what exactly is Closed Circuit Television? Well the television bit is perhaps self explanatory; it"s simply about putting a picture onto a television screen, or "video monitor" to give it its correct title. Incidentally, very basic video monitors are essentially televisions, but without the additional circuitry needed, to receive and decode the Radio Frequency signals, which are transmitted through the air.

The "Closed Circuit" bit is actually quite straightforward. Let"s say for example, that you subscribe to Satellite TV. If you watch your favourite television programme, you and perhaps a few million others will be able to receive the transmitted signal through the dish and "set top box". As anyone with a correctly tuned "Telly" can access this signal, we can safely describe this type of arrangement as an "Open Circuit Television" or "OCTV" system.;If a signal is being linked from any source, whether it"s a DVD player, a camcorder, or a surveillance camera, directly to a display device such as a television, this is described as a "Closed Circuit" simply because it is not available to anyone else.

So you can see that in the early days of developing video camera security systems, the pictures from the cameras were almost always sent to a monitor, or a video recorder, or indeed a sealed Control Room under "Closed Circuit" conditions, hence the now widely accepted term "Closed Circuit Television".
2. What you need to know before you buy a DVR


Unlike the 'Analogue' VCR (Video Cassette Recorder), a Digital Video Recorder (DVR) is very different and often totally misunderstood.Firstly in terms of conventional CCTV, with very few exceptions, the camera signals are being input into the recorder via a standard composite video (CVBS) analogue input (BNC connector). The individual images (fields or frames [each comprising of two interlaced fields]) are converted to a standard recognised protocol, such as MPEG-4, M-JPEG, JPEG2000 or Wavelet, which are unique and totally incompatible compression formats, that allow data rich images to be stored as a stream of 'slimmed down' coded files camere supraveghere .

Some of the main things to consider when thinking about buying a DVR include:

• Frame Rate - The Higher the frame rate the more fluid the playback however also a higher frame rate will use up more hard drive space. (Real-time recording is 25FPS)

• Maximum Hard Drive Capacity - The bigger the hard drive the more you can record without need to delete upto date information

• Image Quality and resolution - The higher the quality and resolution the better picture but however again just like frame rate the better the quality the more hard drive space will be used so a compromise must be made to camere de supraveghere.

• Backup facilities - there are several different methods of backup such as CD, DVD or over a network. CD backup is the most common form of backup for DVR's however DVD's have larger storage capacities so can store more footage per disc. The other method of backup is via a network which involves streaming the data onto a computer using specific software and then converting previously recorded data as its being played back into a specific file type such as AVI.

• Networkability - If you want to view what's happening over a network or the internet you will need a DVR that has the ability to network. There are also several other points to consider when networking such as the speed of the network, for example if you are connected on a Local Area Network you will receive almost real time streaming. However over the internet with a 512kb upload speed you will get between 1/2-5 frames a second this varies depending on the compression algorithm and internet speed of each user (The DVR and the person viewing) to camere supraveghere
3. What you need to know about monitors

Their are so many types of monitors, and a wide range of functions available for various applications, but these are really the seven main points to consider....

1) Metal cased monitors are generally far better at reducing and resisting electromagnetic radiation, than plastic cased units.

2) Most industrial monitors provide 'loop through' inputs which are terminated. If unconnected, the switch should be set to 75 Ohms.

3) All CRT monitors generate a lot of internal heat. Take special care to maintain good ventilation at all times.

4) If fitted onto a wall bracket, make sure that the monitor is securely fitted, fixed and quite incapable of coming adrift.

5) If the monitor is a multi standard PAL / SECAM / NTSC unit, this can be used to play back recordings using a suitable player.

6) If you leave the same image on a CRT monitor for any length of time, it will eventually ' burn in' to the tubes phosphor coating.

7) Flat screen monitors offer a host of advantages over standard CRT tubed monitors, but the price may still be a limiting factor.

4. Cameras

There are three main types of cameras to consider mono, colour and colour/mono. All have their own advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of mono cameras are the cost effectiveness of them and also as they don't display colour they are able to achieve higher resolution for a cheaper price. Colour CCTV cameras are better for evidence purposes as they display in colour where things may be more difficult to make out on mono cameras. Colour/Mono cameras have an advantage as you get the full quality of colour during the day and then can still receive mono images during the night.

Other than the type of camera you require there are several other important factors to consider when buying a camera these include:

• TV Lines - The higher the TV Lines the better the quality of image on the camera an average amount of TV Lines is 420 a high resolution is 480 or above however with mono cameras 480 is considered medium resolution and 600 considered high.

• Minimum Illumination - Light is measured in LUX below is an example which should help you in choosing what the minimum LUX you require is

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/information-technology-articles/camere-de-supraveghere-video-easy-steps-1478849.html

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Word of mouth marketing is gaining in popularity as the "oldest form of advertising" reaches warp speed online and other people's opinion and feedback before trying out a product or service are readily sought. People are getting smarter – they don't easily get led by advertising and marketing claims that a company makes. More and more, they do their research online to hear what other consumers are saying about a product or service.

Channels for positive word of mouth

So how do brands and businesses ensure that they create a positive word of mouth for their products and services online? Though there are many different tools that you can utilize, one social media tool that has made itself popular for word of mouth marketing is Twitter.

The great thing about Twitter is the fact that it helps you build and maintain relationships with your customers and audience. Though you may think that 140 characters is kind of limiting, it actually helps you deliver clear, concise messages to your customers and makes it easy for them to respond.

And the best thing about Twitter is the fact that you can easily deliver your message to hundreds, even thousands of your followers. And these followers can easily "retweet" your message so it reaches their followers, so you're effectively spreading the word to people who aren't even your direct followers.

Spread the word about your brand

With Twitter, it's really become easy to spread the word about your brand. And that's only one of the viral effects of Twitter. There are a lot more ways that this platform can help your brand become more well-known.

Here are some tips for using Twitter to create a positive word of mouth around your business or brand:

Establish a good following

Though following a lot of people and reading their tweets is a good way to establish yourself on Twitter, the more important part is getting these people to follow you and read your tweets as well.

First, it's important that you get your profile completely set up, so that anyone you follow or who visits your page can know more about your brand, and can consider following you.

Next, make sure people know you have a Twitter profile so they can follow you there. Place "Follow" buttons on your website pages and on your blog, as well as your other social media accounts.

It's important that you don't merely use Twitter for promotional purposes, as this will more likely make people "unfollow" you. You want to make sure you offer good, useful content that people will get value from.

In fact, for businesses I recommend that instead of placing your website on your Twitter profile use your Facebook page link.  Twitter is far too chatty a platform to leave and hit the stiffness of a website.  Facebook, with it's 420 character status updates, provides a much better forum to decompress from the high velocity of Twitter yet still have interaction.  Or, link it to your Google+profile – again, it provides "interaction".

Interact with your network

The important thing to remember about Twitter is the fact that it helps you build relationships, so it's essential that you interact with your network in two-way conversations.

Refrain from incessantly posting tweets and hope that people respond. Monitor your Twitter stream, comment on what other people are saying, respond to replies and comments of your tweets, and retweet content that you find useful and interesting. This makes you an effective participant in the community, leading to more users knowing and engaging with you and your brand.

Utilize the Twitter "Favorites" feature

Did you know that when you hover over a tweet on your Twitter stream, you have the option of placing it in your "Favorites" section? A good way to create a positive word of mouth about your brand is to save positive tweets that other people have written about your company.  The favorites section is your living, breathing testimonials page.  You can effectively build up a great list of public testimonials about your brand, which you can show to potential clients or contacts who show and interest in you oryour products or services.

Use Twitter Search to monitor your company and common industry terms

One of the features Twitter offers is the ability to search for people mentioning your name or company, as well as industry terms that can help you identify prospects. Monitor what people are saying about your brand and respond to them when appropriate. And when you do a search for industry terms, make sure to establish a dialogue with people you can see that you have a common ground with. You never know who your next client, customer or business partner could be.

Develop relationships with the media an industry networks

An excellent way to help spread the word about your brand is to interact with media and industry networks.  Stop and think for a moment where do the people who would hire or secure your services spend the most time in a large size audience?  Look for industry specific networks by utilizing a search of #hashtags and jump into conversations they're having during their industry conference or even regularly scheduled twitter chats.

Forging relationships,  take times and interaction for people to sample your character and competence. This fast paced platform accelerates the relationship building process.  See you in the Twitterverse!

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/social-marketing-articles/twitter-tips-for-positive-word-of-mouth-5062637.html

"Maria Elena Duron, CEO (chief engagement officer), buzz2bucks | a word of mouth marketing firm, is skilled at making networks "work" and harnessing powerful online and offline buzz, she facilitates online visibility services and word of mouth coaching and workshops – taking companies and professionals from buzz-worthy to bucks-worthy, http://buzz2bucks.com."